What is cerebral palsy?

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a lifelong neurological condition affecting movement and posture. It ranges widely in severity - some people with CP are minimally affected, others have significant physical disabilities. Many also have associated conditions: speech and language difficulties, learning disabilities, vision or hearing problems, seizures, or cognitive challenges. Because the effects are so varied, EHCPs for children with CP must be individualised and comprehensive.

Physical therapy and specialist support

Children with cerebral palsy typically need ongoing physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech and language therapy. Your EHCP should specify regular therapy provision with clear goals. Physiotherapy works on muscle tone, movement, strength, and coordination; OT supports fine motor skills, self-care, and independence; SALT addresses communication and eating/swallowing if affected. These should be specified with frequency and delivered consistently. Technology and aids (standing frames, communication devices, mobility aids) should be included.

Educational access and adaptations

Depending on severity, your child may need: modified seating and positioning in class; extended time to complete tasks; alternative ways to record work (typing, AAC, scribed answers); accessible toileting and personal care facilities; transport and mobility support; reduced PE with adapted alternatives; and specialist teaching approaches. An EHCP ensures these adaptations are specified as legal requirements, not optional extras dependent on school goodwill.

Communication and learning

If CP affects speech, your child may use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) - signing, symbol boards, communication devices. School staff must be trained in the child's communication system. If CP affects fine motor control, your child may not be able to write conventionally - they need access to computers, speech-to-text, or scribing. Don't let CP limit your child's ability to access learning - the EHCP should ensure full access.

Long-term planning and independence

As your child grows, the EHCP should support increasing independence in daily living skills, transitions between schools, and eventually preparation for adulthood (employment, further education, independent living). Technology, assistive devices, and adapted environments become increasingly important. The EHCP is your child's passport to the support they need throughout their education and beyond.