Down's syndrome and education

Down's syndrome is a genetic condition that affects cognitive development, speech and language, motor development, and in some cases heart health and hearing. Children with Down's syndrome will have special educational needs - that's certain. The question is what level of support they need. Some thrive in mainstream school with significant support; others benefit from specialist provision. Your EHCP should be specific about your child's individual profile, not just label them with the syndrome. Every child with Down's syndrome is different, and the EHCP must reflect your child's unique profile.

Inclusion rights and your preferences

You have the right to express a preference for your child's school placement - mainstream or specialist. Under Section 38-39 of the Children and Families Act 2014, the local authority must comply with your preference unless one of three narrow exceptions applies. Don't be persuaded that specialist school is the only option - some children with Down's syndrome do brilliantly in mainstream school with the right support, good peer relationships, and high expectations. But equally, don't be pressured into mainstream if your child would genuinely benefit from a specialist environment.

Speech, language, and communication

Most children with Down's syndrome have speech and language needs. Many also have hearing difficulties. Your EHCP should specify regular speech and language therapy (SALT), audiological support if needed, and classroom strategies to support communication. If your child uses AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication) systems like visual supports, sign language, or assistive technology, this must be included in the EHCP. SALT should be in Section F (educational provision), not just Section G, to make it legally enforceable.

Therapeutic provision

Children with Down's syndrome often benefit from occupational therapy (for fine and gross motor skills, coordination, daily living skills), physiotherapy (for strength, coordination, postural control), and sometimes other therapies. These should be specified in the EHCP with frequency, duration, and clear outcomes. Don't accept vague provision like "access to physio when available" - insist on specific, quantified provision that your child actually receives.

Life skills and preparation for adulthood

As your child gets older, the EHCP should shift focus toward preparation for adulthood - life skills, transition to secondary school, post-16 options (further education, supported employment, day provision), and planning for independence. Children with Down's syndrome can achieve much more than is sometimes expected. Work experience, internships, and pathways to employment should be considered. The EHCP is your mechanism to ensure this planning happens and is adequately resourced.